316 stainless steel is often referred to as a marine grade alloy due to its outstanding resistance to chloride corrosion. Stainless steel floats The main difference between 304 vs. 316 stainless steel involves the 316 grade's much higher levels of molybdenum, which are typically 2-3 percent by weight and provide better corrosion resistance. The very tough and ductile austenitic structure gives grade 316 excellent formability and fabrication characteristics. Good resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments. Molybdenum & Stainless Steel In many marine environments 316 does exhibit surface corrosion, usually visible as brown staining. . Common stainless steels. 316 stainless is a general purpose workhorse stainless steel, but it is unsuited to chloride containing liquors. This addition increases corrosion resistance, improves resistance to pitting chloride ion solutions and provides increased strength at elevated temperatures. The increased performance of this austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel makes it better suited for environments rich in salt air and chloride. Difference between Duplex Steel & 316 Stainless Steel: Though the stainless steel 304 alloy has a higher melting point, grade 316 has a better resistance to chemicals and chlorides (like salt) than grade 304 stainless steel. SS grade 316 is an Austenitic standard . The molybdenum content increases corrosion resistance, enhances resistance to pitting in chloride ion solutions and augments strength at high temperatures. The key difference is the addition of molybdenuman alloy which drastically enhances corrosion resistance, especially for more saline or chloride-exposed environments. Therefore, 316l stainless steel is a better choice for your project as it can withstand a higher rate of exposure to environmental factors, chemicals, and acid. 316 SS (Stainless Steel) is an austenitic form of stainless steel which contains 2 to 3 % of molybdenum. 316 stainless steel is known for its 2-3% molybdenum content. However, 316L SS experiences localized corrosion as a result of passive film breakdown in aggressive corrosive environment. It is well demonstrated that corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel in purified NaCl-MgCl 2 eutectic salt is excellent at high temperature. As shown by the laboratory corrosion data below, these alloys offer excellent resistance to boiling 20% phosphoric acid. 316 stainless steel can be used in coastal regions or areas where de-icing salts are frequently used because of its resistance to chloride. the addition increases corrosion resistance, particularly against chlorides and other industrial solvents.316 stainless steel has additional molybdenum that gives it resistance to chlorides and other processing chemicals. Stainless steel utilizes the principle of passivation, wherein metals become "passive" or unreactive to oxidation from corrosive compounds found in the atmosphere and process fluids. Table 3. The molybdenum content increases corrosion resistance, improves resistance to pitting in chloride ion solutions, and increases strength at high temperatures. This addition drastically enhances the corrosion and oxidation resistance of the alloy . Moderate Effect, not recommended for continuous use. It is called Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (CSCC) of austenitic stainless steels, and is one of the main factors to consider when evaluating the . Intergranular . 316 Stainless steel has better corrosion properties due to its molybdenum content which improves its resistance to pitting in chloride ion solutions and makes it strong for higher temperatures. 316 stainless steel has a mid-range level of carbon and contains between 2% and 3% molybdenum, which increases resistance to corrosion, acidic elements, and high temperatures. The addition of >10% chromium transforms steel into stainless steel, creating an adherent and invisible oxide layer that is chromium-rich. The most notable property of 316 stainless steel is its extreme resistance to corrosion, particularly corrosion from chloride sources, such as seawater and many industrial chemicals. 316 stainless steel is commonly used in many industrial applications involving processing chemicals, as well as high-saline B = Good. 316 is usually regarded as the standard "marine grade stainless steel", but it is not resistant to warm sea water. As a consequence it: The pump manufacture wants to use 316 SS for the wetted parts and claims verbally that this will not corrode (atleast not too much for the design life). It offers the standard corrosion resistance, formability, strength, and easy maintenance for which stainless is known. As an austenitic stainless steel alloy, it has qualities corresponding to excessive power, corrosion resistance, and high concentrations of chromium and nickel. This makes it generally more corrosion resistant than the 304SS , and more expensive. . Because of high corrosion resistance, good mechanical strength, and low cost, 316L stainless steel (SS) is widely used in oil and gas industries [16]. Also known as surgical stainless steel, marine steel, 316S16 (as per the British Standard), SS 316 is an austenitic chromium-nickel alloy. Therefore, standard grades such as 304/304L and 316/316L are very susceptible to this mode of attack. This work investigated the corrosion behavior of base metal 316L and SMA 316L weld metal by using Electrochemical Impedance . reduce the resistance of Type 316Ti stainless steel to highly oxidizing environments including the nitric acid Thanks to its outstanding capabilities, Type 316 . They are also widely used in handling hot organic and fatty acids. Grade 316L, the low carbon version of 316 and has very high immunity from sensitization (grain boundary carbide precipitation). 316 Stainless Steel. However, continuous use at 425-860C is not recommended if corrosion resistance in water is required. SAE 316 SS Also Known as A4 Stainless or 18/10 for its composition of 18% chromium and 10% nickel. The key difference that makes them totally different is the addition of molybdenum, an alloy which drastically enhances corrosion resistance, particularly for more saline or chloride-uncovered . The molybdenum component prevents chloride ions pitting the and crevassing the surface of the steel. I am looking for any links or research someone might know of that can guarantee 316 SS for use in this concentration of chlorides. Corrosion Resistance Table of Stainless Steel Nickel Monel Inconel The table below indicates the approximate corrosion resistance of selected corrosion resistant metals to a range of common chemicals. Figure 2: Cracking threshold for 304 and 316 alloys exposed to near neutral chloride-bearing waters. 304 stainless steel is the most versatile and widely used austenitic stainless steel in the world, due to its corrosion resistance. Properties of this austenitic stainless steel grade are similar to those of type 304 . This oxide layer forms when chromium in the alloy reacts with oxygen in ambient air. . C = Fair. Stainless Steel 316 (S31600): Higher corrosion resistance than types . Type 316 steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel which contains 2 to 3 % molybdenum. The corrosion resistance of molybdenum-bearing 316L austenitic steel is particularly effective in chloride-ion environments. Type 316 stainless steel can be . Austenitic grades that have high nickel and molybdenum contents such as alloy 20 . The message. Masteel produces corrosion-resistant stainless steel grades such as grade 316, which is recommended for use in severe applications. The differences between stainless steel 316, 316L, 316H, 316Ti: (1) 316 stainless steel is austenitic chrome-nickel stainless steel containing molybdenum. 316 stainless steel contains molybdenum, but 304 doesn't. Softening, loss of strength, swelling, may occur. D = Severe Effect, not recommended for ANY use. in fact "stainless" is a misnomer - all stainless steels are only corrosion resistant and their resistance is dependent on their working environment and the alloy used. Heat Resistance This is particularly associated with crevices and rough surface finish. To address the widely held concern that ISO15156/NACE MR0175 limits for sour service cracking resistance of Type 316/316L stainless steel in oil & gas production environments were excessively conservative, a program of laboratory studies was undertaken testing parent materials in compliance with the ballot requirements of this standard. The cracking threshold of a 6Mo super austenitic stainless steel (UNS N08367) immersed in oxygen-bearing neutral . Uses for SS AISI 316. The relative resistance of a stainless steel to chloride SCC is often quantified by the use of standard boiling salt solutions. Moderate Effect, not recommended for continuous use. In conclusion, corrosion of 316 stainless steel in a chloride environment is a definite problem. The resistance to localized corrosion of stainless steels in 20,000,100,000 and 200,000 ppm Cl - sodium chloride solutions was investigated at 90C. Cl2 (chlorine) is a very potent oxidizer (reason it kills bacteria) and therefore high levels of Chlorine may accelerate chloride corrosion of stainless steels. . Type 316 contains around 2.5% Molybdenum whereas type 304 does not contain Molybdenum. This is because it has more molybdenum and less carbon. Stainless Steel - Grade 316. N/A = Information Not Available. Corrosion Resistance: In choosing between 316 and 316L stainless steels, the latter has a slight edge over the former. SS316 steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel that contains between 2 and 3% molybdenum. Type 316 is known for its corrosion resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments. The alloy has a tensile energy of 579 MPa (84 ksi) and a . Type 316 is a popular chromium, nickel, molybdenum-bearing stainless steel grade. The molybdenum-bearing Alloys 316 and 317L stainless steel also provide resistance to a wide variety of other environments. The two most common stainless steel grades are 304 and 316. Superior Resistance to Chloride - Corrosive salts can be present in many areas of the country. The molybdenum gives 316 better overall corrosion resistant properties than Grade 304, notably higher resistance to pitting and narrow openings corrosion in chloride environments. Molybdenum is the reason that makes the metal stronger or gives resistance to corrosion and to beat elevated temperature. SS316L is resistant to carbide precipitation in the temperature range of 425-870 C (800-1600 F), so normal welding can be performed without reducing corrosion resistance. Chlorine is bleach and stainless steels can only tolerate exposure to a few ppm continuously. Compared to 316ss, 316L steel has better resistance to pitting and crevice corrosionover its useful life. Chloride salts, such as NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2, and ZnCl 2, are abundant in nature and boil at higher temperature than 1400 C. EN 1.4401 grade 316 stainless steel (16% chromium, 10% nickel and 2% molybdenum) is the second most important austenitic Stainless Steel compared to 304. . Type 316 grade stainless steel is particularly effective in acidic environments. Softening, loss of strength, swelling, may occur. C = Fair. 316 stainless steel contains molybdenum. Along with the increased nickel content, 316SS also has an additional element 'Mo' (molybdenum) in its chemical makeup (2%-3%). chloride. In order to provide matching properties with parent metal, filler metal SMA 316L is commonly produced with slightly over alloyed composition. (630) 833-0300 Order History Clear All Material Show Stainless Steel 316 Stainless Steel Shape System of Measurement Inch Metric Thickness 0.001" 0.002" 0.003" 0.004" 0.005" 0.006" 0.007" 0.008" 0.009" 0.01" 0.012" 0.014" 0.015" 0.016" 0.017" 0.02" 0.022" 0.024" 0.025" 0.027" 0.03" 0.031" 0.033" 0.036" 0.045" 0.048" 0.05" 0.06" 1/16" 0.063" 0.075" Sodium chloride (NaCl) in seawater actively attacks the iron (Fe) molecules in submerged alloys, causing pitting corrosion. D = Severe Effect, not recommended for ANY use. SS316 Heat Resistance 316 SS has good oxidation resistance in intermittent use below 871 C and continuous use up to 927 C in air. Type 316 steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel that contains between two and 3% molybdenum. In all stainless steels, chromium and nickel are critical for corrosion resistance and ductility. The Benefits of 316 Stainless Steel Most stainless steel ordered around the world is Grade 304. Chlorine as a sterlising or sanitising agent When using chlorine as a steriliser or sanitiser in contact with 316 type stainless steel items, a maximum of 15-20 ppm, (mg/lt), 'free' chlorine is suggested, for maximum times of 24 hours, followed by a thorough chlorine free water flush. This added molybdenum makes the metal more resistant to corrosion, pitting and improves its resistances at elevated temperatures as well as provides greater resistance to acids and localized corrosion caused by chloride ions. It is resistant to potable water containing up to approximately 1000mg/L chlorides at room temperature 20C . The two most common stainless steel grades are 304 and 316. Chloride stress corrosion cracking (CLSCC) is one of the most common reasons why austenitic stainless steel pipework and vessels deteriorate in the chemical processing and petrochemical industries. With a maximum carbon content of 0.03, 316L stainless steel can be used in applications where no annealing after welding and where maximum corrosion resistance is required. Service tests are usually desirable as operating conditions and acid contaminants may significantly affect corrosion rate. The resistance of austenitic stainless steels to SCC is related to the nickel content of the steel. Type 304 is only resistant to up to 3% acid at room temperature while type 316 is resistant to up to 20% acid at temperatures of up to 50 C. This addition increases corrosion resistance, improves resistance to pitting chloride ion solutions and provide increased strength at elevated temperatures. Temperature Conversion F = (1.8 x C) + 32 C Continue reading . At temperature as high as 120 F (49 C), Type 316 is resistant to concentrations of this acid up to 5 percent. 304 stainless steel does not. Type 316Ti alloy on the other hand, due to its Mo-content, will handle waters with up to about 2000 ppm chloride. This is collated information from various sources but is of limited quality. 316 stainless steel also has good resistance to chloride attack, so it is commonly used in marine environments. This reduces to about 500mg/L at 140F. How to Choose Between 316 or 316L Stainless Steel 316 Stainless Steel Chemical Compatibility Chart ver 10-Jan-2020 industrialspe Key to General Chemical Resistance [all data based on 72 (22 C) unless noted] A = Excellent - No Effect C = Fair - Moderate Effect, not recommended B= Good - Minor Effect, slight corrosion or discoloration D = Severe Effect, not recommended for ANY use The most susceptible austenitic grades have nickel contents in the range of 8 to 10 wt%. 304 and 304L, 321 SS may be used for "water applications" with up to 2 ppm chlorine, while 316 and 316L alloys may "take" up to 4 ppm. Next is the stainless steel important to 304.Compared with class 304, molybdenum has 316 better overall corrosion resistance, especially in the chloride environment with higher pitting and . The melting range of 316 is 2,500 F - 2,550 F (1,371 C - 1,399 C), roughly 50 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit lower than the melting point of grade 304 stainless steel. Stainless Steel. Temperature Conversion The key difference is the addition of molybdenum, an alloy which drastically enhances corrosion resistance, especially for more saline or chloride-exposed environments. Stainless Steel Chemical Resistance Chart Chemicals F-L A = Excellent. Minor Effect, slight corrosion or discoloration. Stainless Steel Chemical Resistance Chart Chemicals A-B A = Excellent. Austenitic grades with nickel contents in the range of 8 to 10 wt% (e.g., 304 /304L and 316/316L) are more prone to such attack due to SCC. 304 stainless steel has an anti-corrosive property like normal stainless steel. Both steels are durable and provide excellent resistance to corrosion and rust. Corrosion resistance to potable water at ambient temperature range is up to 1000mg/L of chlorides. The presence of molybdenum makes 316 a good material for marine environments for the oil and gas industry. While 316 comes in second in terms of quantities sold, it offers vastly superior corrosion resistance to chlorides and acids. Chloride is part of the salt in natural waters and even 304 can cope with a few hundred ppm at ambient temperatures and pH~7. 304 stainless is also cheaper in cost compared to 316, another reason for its popularity and widespread use. Type 316 steel is not magnetic, but may be weakly magnetic after cold working. Its resistance to chloride attack means it is often . . Grade 316 is an improved version of CS 304, with the addition of molybdenum and a slightly higher nickel content. The resistance to localized corrosion of stainless steels in 20,000,100,000 and 200,000 ppm Cl-sodium chloride solutions was investigated at 90C. The molybdenum makes the steel more resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride-contaminated media . The effects of chloride content, oxygen content and solution pH were studied on test coupons with and without welds and on U-bend specimens. 316 Stainless Steel is commonly used for food processing equipment, and as surgical stainless steel. B = Good. 316 Stainless Steel Alloy Wire Description Alloy 316 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel wire containing molybdenum. Austenitic 304 and 316 stainless steels are thought of surgical or medical-grade stainless steels, they are the most commons stainless steels. The objectives of this work were: To draw conclusions and give recommendations for best practice in assessing susceptibility to It is particularly effective in acidic environments and in defensive against corrosion caused by the sulfuric, hydrochloric, acetic, formic . Though it is often referred to as marine grade stainless steel, it is in fact not resistant to seawater. 316 Stainless steel:This grade of stainless steel comes under the austenitic form of stainless steel. 304 vs 316 Stainless Steel - The Pros and Cons | Arthur Harris. The resultant composition of CS 316 gives the steel much increased corrosion resistance in many aggressive environments. In other words, with its lower carbon content, 316L lasts longer in high-chloride environments. An Austenitic Stainless Steel Containing Molybdenum Which is More Corrosion Resistant than the Conventional 304/304L Stainless Steel Alloy 316-316L 06/2014 www.SandmeyerSteel.com SANDMEYER STEEL COMPANY ONE SANDMEYER LANE PHILADELPHIA, PA 19116-3598 800-523-3663 +1-215-464-7100 FAX +1-215-677-1430 Providing Solutions, With Materials and In addition to coastal areas, sea sprays, and salt in rain water, heavy exposure to chloride can also be present in many parts of the country that use de-icing salts on roadways. Both materials have excellent malleability, meaning they perform well in bending, stretching, deep drawing, and spinning. N/A = Information Not Available. Grade 316 is a well-liked alloy of stainless steel with a melting range of 2,500 F - 2,550 F (1,371 C - 1,399 C). 316L Stainless Steel Chemical Compatibility Chart ver 10-Jan-2020 industrials Key to General Chemical Resistance [all data based on 72 (22 C) unless noted] Explanation of Footnotes 1 - Satisfactory to 120 F (48 C) A = Excellent - No Effect C = Fair - Moderate Effect, not recommended Max temp for this water is around 100 F but typically around 70 F. Minor Effect, slight corrosion or discoloration. Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steel from Masteel. The austenitic grades of stainless steel are more prone to SCC, and their resistance to SCC depends on their nickel content. Type 316 (UNS 31600) is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel alloy containing molybdenum. The anti-corrosion properties that set 316 steel apart come from the inclusion of molybdenum in its composition. As part of the five families of stainless steel, 304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel are austenitic grades that contain high levels of chromium and nickel. Compared to 316, 316L stainless steel has a higher resistance to corrosion from chlorides and acids. In comparison, SS AISI 316 boasts better resistance to chloride-rich conditions than the typical SS 304 thanks to the molybdenum addition. 304 and 316 stainless steel substrates are among the most commonly used grades of stainless steel materials in many industries. 316 is a member of the 18/8 chromium nickel family of austenitic stainless steels, with an addition of 2% molybdenum for improved corrosion resistance, particularly to localised corrosion in chloride containing environments. This alloy is not recommended for use in . 316 / 316L Stainless Steel Tubing With the addition of molybdenum, grades 316 and 316L stainless steel were developed to offer improved corrosion resistance compared to alloy 304/L. 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