Nerves of the orbit. The internal acoustic canal (IAC), also known as the internal auditory canal or meatus (IAM), is a bony canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that transmits nerves and vessels from within the posterior cranial fossa to the auditory and vestibular apparatus.. The foramen lacerum (Latin: lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of skull.It is located between 3 bones: the sphenoid bone, forming the anterior border. It is at the end of the mandibular canal, which begins at the mandibular foramen on the posterior surface of the mandible. The external opening of the carotid canal is located posterolaterally to the foramen lacerum. C. palatine bone. Each incisive canal transmits a nasopalatine nerve, and an anastomosis of the greater palatine artery and a posterior septal It allows the mandibular nerve to exit the skull. hyoid. This nerve is the V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve, and its inferior alveolar branch is responsible for supplying sensation to the lower teeth. The hypoglossal canal transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. E. occipital bone. the supraorbital notch is closed inferiorly by the orbital septum forming a fibrous supraorbital foramen. The mental foramen is located on the anterior surface of the mandible.It is directly below the commisure of the lips, and the tendon of depressor labii inferioris muscle. Within the skull, it divides into A. vomer. E. occipital bone. It allows the mandibular nerve to exit the skull. It is at the end of the mandibular canal, which begins at the mandibular foramen on the posterior surface of the mandible. The opening of the IAM, the porus acusticus internus, is located The foramen ovale is an opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. The infraorbital foramina are paired openings that can be located on the malar surface of the maxillary bone and transmits the infraorbital nerve. Clinical significance. Its importance lies as the neurovascular crossroad of the nasal cavity, masticator 2. The arachnoid mater is a loose layer, named after its spider like appearance. C. palatine bone. The internal opening is situated laterally to foramen lacerum. The canal transmits internal carotid artery, together with its sympathetic nerve plexus, and venous plexus. The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones.Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and houses in its interior, the components of the inner ear.The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull Mastering the diverse knowledge within a field such as anatomy is a formidable task. The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones.Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and houses in its interior, the components of the inner ear.The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull The external opening of the carotid canal is located posterolaterally to the foramen lacerum. Structure. The jugular notch makes the posterior part of the jugular foramen. The cribriform plate is part of the ethmoid bone, which has a low density, and is spongy. Foramen spinosum (foramen spinosum sphenoidalis) is a small opening posterior to the foramen ovale that transmits the middle meningeal artery and the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve. An alternative imaging based subclassification exists, delineated by the jugular spine which is a bony ridge partially separating the jugular foramen into two parts: It transmits the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve (the mental nerve), The groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and blood vessels into the orbital cavity. 29 The upper surface of the lateral part forms the jugular tubercle which overlies the hypoglossal canal. It transmits the facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII) cranial nerves into a canal in the petrous temporal bone. 3. A. jugular foramen B. foramen ovale C. external auditory canal D. carotid canal E. nasolacrimal canal. foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and the foramen rotundum. In the articulated skull this foramen leads from the pterygopalatine fossa into the posterior part of the superior meatus of the nose, and transmits the The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity that is a part of the skull.It is situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch.It is not fully enclosed by bone in all directions. D. sphenoid bone. The arachnoid mater is a loose layer, named after its spider like appearance. Structure. Early modern people such as those from the finds from Jebel Irhoud and Skhul and Qafzeh had thick, large brow ridges, but they differ from those of archaic humans like Neanderthals by having a supraorbital foramen or notch, forming a groove through the ridge above each eye, although It contains superficial muscles, including the lower part of the temporalis muscle, the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the medial pterygoid muscle.It also contains important blood vessels such as the Arachnoid mater. B. ethmoid bone. It also supplies sensation to the lower part of the face. Arachnoid mater. Structure. Structure. The greater palatine canal starts on the inferior aspect of the pterygopalatine fossa.It goes through the maxilla and palatine bones to reach the palate, ending at the greater palatine foramen. Clinical significance. Gross anatomy. : . Within the skull, it divides into This nerve is the V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve, and its inferior alveolar branch is responsible for supplying sensation to the lower teeth. The foramen spinosum. 3. The greater palatine canal starts on the inferior aspect of the pterygopalatine fossa.It goes through the maxilla and palatine bones to reach the palate, ending at the greater palatine foramen. foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and the foramen rotundum. The meninges are the three layers that surround all the components of the central nervous system.The pia mater is the layer closest to the nervous system; it is closely attached to the structures.This layer also descends into the sulci on the surface of the brain. The hypoglossal canal transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. The opening of the IAM, the porus acusticus internus, is located A. vomer. : 776 the basilar part of occipital bone, forming the posteromedial border. : 4 The Locomotor System (Musculoskeletal System). The internal opening is situated laterally to foramen lacerum. What bone are they studying? In the articulated skull this foramen leads from the pterygopalatine fossa into the posterior part of the superior meatus of the nose, and transmits the The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid.. Structure. The stylomastoid foramen is a foramen between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone of the skull.It is the termination of the facial canal, and transmits the facial nerve, and stylomastoid artery.Facial nerve inflammation in Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward and medialward and gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli. It transmits the medulla, the ascending portions of the spinal accessory nerve (XI), and the vertebral arteries. The foramen ovale is an opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. It is hidden medially and superiorly to each occipital condyle. The groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and blood vessels into the orbital cavity. Its importance lies as the neurovascular crossroad of the nasal cavity, masticator The foramen spinosum. B. ethmoid bone. The meningeal branch, also known as the nervus spinosus, is the earliest branch of the mandibular nerve.Even though it originates outside the skull, the nerve re-enters the neurocranium by going back through the foramen spinosum. The posterior compartment transmits the sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein), and some meningeal branches from the occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery. Structure. Structure. It contains superficial muscles, including the lower part of the temporalis muscle, the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the medial pterygoid muscle.It also contains important blood vessels such as the i Preface There is a shortage in Ethiopia of teaching / learning material in the area of anatomy and physicalogy for nurses. Its outer surface is rough and gives attachment to the occipitalis and posterior auricular muscles.It is perforated by numerous foramina (holes); for example, the mastoid foramen is situated near the posterior border and transmits a vein to the transverse sinus and a small branch of the occipital artery to the dura mater.The position and size of this foramen are The opening of the IAM, the porus acusticus internus, is located : 771 The foramen ovale is posterolateral to the foramen rotundum and anteromedial to the foramen spinosum.Posterior and medial to the foramen is the opening for the carotid canal. Lets discuss the course and functions of the branches of the mandibular nerve. foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and the foramen rotundum. Structure. The meninges are the three layers that surround all the components of the central nervous system.The pia mater is the layer closest to the nervous system; it is closely attached to the structures.This layer also descends into the sulci on the surface of the brain. Lets discuss the course and functions of the branches of the mandibular nerve. Gross anatomy. It transmits the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve (the mental nerve), The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly, and orbital apex superiorly. The posterior compartment transmits the sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein), and some meningeal branches from the occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery. Outer surface. It contains superficial muscles, including the lower part of the temporalis muscle, the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the medial pterygoid muscle.It also contains important blood vessels such as the It allows the mandibular nerve to exit the skull. The foramen magnum (Latin: great hole) is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull.It is one of the several oval or circular openings (foramina) in the base of the skull.The spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata, passes through the foramen magnum as it exits the cranial cavity.Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its : Color atlas. Mastering the diverse knowledge within a field such as anatomy is a formidable task. It transmits the medulla, the ascending portions of the spinal accessory nerve (XI), and the vertebral arteries. A. jugular foramen B. foramen ovale C. external auditory canal D. carotid canal E. nasolacrimal canal. D. sphenoid bone. Each greater wing contains the foramen rotundum, which transmits the maxillary nerve (V2); foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular nerve (V3), accessory meningeal artery and often times the lesser petrosal nerve; and foramen spinosum, which transmits the middle meningeal vessels and the recurrent branch of the mandibular nerve. The nasolacrimal duct drains the nasolacrimal sac via the nasolacrimal foramen. The hypoglossal canal is a foramen in the occipital bone of the skull. From this canal, accessory canals branch off; these are known as the lesser palatine canals.. Structure. The optic canal that opens posteriorly into the cranial cavity and transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery. The meningeal branch, also known as the nervus spinosus, is the earliest branch of the mandibular nerve.Even though it originates outside the skull, the nerve re-enters the neurocranium by going back through the foramen spinosum. The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid.. Foramen ovale (superior view) This foramen lies slightly anterior and medial to the foramen spinosum. What bone are they studying? : 771 The foramen ovale is posterolateral to the foramen rotundum and anteromedial to the foramen spinosum.Posterior and medial to the foramen is the opening for the carotid canal. Internal acoustic meatus. The optic canal that opens posteriorly into the cranial cavity and transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery. Foramen spinosum. The jugular notch makes the posterior part of the jugular foramen. The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity that is a part of the skull.It is situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch.It is not fully enclosed by bone in all directions. Internal acoustic meatus. Nerves of the orbit. Meningeal branch. This nerve is the V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve, and its inferior alveolar branch is responsible for supplying sensation to the lower teeth. : 4 The Locomotor System (Musculoskeletal System). Structure. It transmits the facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII) cranial nerves into a canal in the petrous temporal bone. 29 The upper surface of the lateral part forms the jugular tubercle which overlies the hypoglossal canal. Foramen ovale (superior view) This foramen lies slightly anterior and medial to the foramen spinosum. An alternative imaging based subclassification exists, delineated by the jugular spine which is a bony ridge partially separating the jugular foramen into two parts: Opening lateral to the foramen ovale through which the middle meningeal artery passes. : 776 the apex of petrous part of the temporal bone, forming the posterolateral border. The canal is formed by a vertical groove on the posterior part of the maxillary surface It is hidden medially and superiorly to each occipital condyle. Pronounced brow ridges were a common feature among paleolithic humans. B. ethmoid bone. i Preface There is a shortage in Ethiopia of teaching / learning material in the area of anatomy and physicalogy for nurses. It is hidden medially and superiorly to each occipital condyle. The hypoglossal canal is a foramen in the occipital bone of the skull. The nasolacrimal duct drains the nasolacrimal sac via the nasolacrimal foramen. Early modern people such as those from the finds from Jebel Irhoud and Skhul and Qafzeh had thick, large brow ridges, but they differ from those of archaic humans like Neanderthals by having a supraorbital foramen or notch, forming a groove through the ridge above each eye, although What bone are they studying? Outer surface. Lies in the anterior wall of the posterior cranial fossa. It is narrow, with deep grooves supporting the olfactory bulb.. Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone.It has two small projecting alae (wings), which are received into corresponding depressions in the frontal bone to complete the foramen cecum. The posterior compartment transmits the sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein), and some meningeal branches from the occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery. Structure. : 776 the basilar part of occipital bone, forming the posteromedial border. An alternative imaging based subclassification exists, delineated by the jugular spine which is a bony ridge partially separating the jugular foramen into two parts: From this canal, accessory canals branch off; these are known as the lesser palatine canals.. A. jugular foramen B. foramen ovale C. external auditory canal D. carotid canal E. nasolacrimal canal. The hypoglossal canal transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones.Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and houses in its interior, the components of the inner ear.The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull The canal transmits internal carotid artery, together with its sympathetic nerve plexus, and venous plexus. The foramen lacerum (Latin: lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of skull.It is located between 3 bones: the sphenoid bone, forming the anterior border. hyoid. The optic canal that opens posteriorly into the cranial cavity and transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery. The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity.. Foramen ovale (superior view) This foramen lies slightly anterior and medial to the foramen spinosum. The foramen spinosum. The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity that is a part of the skull.It is situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch.It is not fully enclosed by bone in all directions. It transmits the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve (the mental nerve), The incisive canals (also: "nasopalatine canals") are two bony canals of the anterior hard palate connecting the nasal cavity and the oral cavity.An incisive canal courses through each maxilla.Below, the two incisive canals typically converge medially. Middle part. Foramen spinosum. Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward and medialward and gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli. Which skull canal transmits branches of the trigeminal nerve? The incisive canals (also: "nasopalatine canals") are two bony canals of the anterior hard palate connecting the nasal cavity and the oral cavity.An incisive canal courses through each maxilla.Below, the two incisive canals typically converge medially. The greater palatine canal starts on the inferior aspect of the pterygopalatine fossa.It goes through the maxilla and palatine bones to reach the palate, ending at the greater palatine foramen. The foramen magnum (Latin: great hole) is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull.It is one of the several oval or circular openings (foramina) in the base of the skull.The spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata, passes through the foramen magnum as it exits the cranial cavity.Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its It also supplies sensation to the lower part of the face. E. occipital bone. Must open the lower jaw of skull to identify this prominent foramen on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus. Jugular foramen C. palatine bone. Pronounced brow ridges were a common feature among paleolithic humans. Paleolithic humans. The jugular notch makes the posterior part of the jugular foramen. The canal is formed by a vertical groove on the posterior part of the maxillary surface : 776 the apex of petrous part of the temporal bone, forming the posterolateral border. The stylomastoid foramen is a foramen between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone of the skull.It is the termination of the facial canal, and transmits the facial nerve, and stylomastoid artery.Facial nerve inflammation in The foramen ovale is one of two cranial foramina in the greater wing, the other being the foramen spinosum. The incisive canals (also: "nasopalatine canals") are two bony canals of the anterior hard palate connecting the nasal cavity and the oral cavity.An incisive canal courses through each maxilla.Below, the two incisive canals typically converge medially. Each incisive canal transmits a nasopalatine nerve, and an anastomosis of the greater palatine artery and a posterior septal The infraorbital foramina are paired openings that can be located on the malar surface of the maxillary bone and transmits the infraorbital nerve. The arachnoid mater is a loose layer, named after its spider like appearance. the supraorbital notch is closed inferiorly by the orbital septum forming a fibrous supraorbital foramen. Which skull canal transmits branches of the trigeminal nerve? Foramen spinosum (foramen spinosum sphenoidalis) is a small opening posterior to the foramen ovale that transmits the middle meningeal artery and the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve. The Carter Early modern people such as those from the finds from Jebel Irhoud and Skhul and Qafzeh had thick, large brow ridges, but they differ from those of archaic humans like Neanderthals by having a supraorbital foramen or notch, forming a groove through the ridge above each eye, although Lies in the anterior wall of the posterior cranial fossa. Paleolithic humans. Pronounced brow ridges were a common feature among paleolithic humans. The canal transmits internal carotid artery, together with its sympathetic nerve plexus, and venous plexus. 2. Internal acoustic meatus. 2. The canal is formed by a vertical groove on the posterior part of the maxillary surface The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity.. Its outer surface is rough and gives attachment to the occipitalis and posterior auricular muscles.It is perforated by numerous foramina (holes); for example, the mastoid foramen is situated near the posterior border and transmits a vein to the transverse sinus and a small branch of the occipital artery to the dura mater.The position and size of this foramen are : Color atlas. The stylomastoid foramen is a foramen between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone of the skull.It is the termination of the facial canal, and transmits the facial nerve, and stylomastoid artery.Facial nerve inflammation in Opening lateral to the foramen ovale through which the middle meningeal artery passes. The cribriform plate is part of the ethmoid bone, which has a low density, and is spongy. 29 The upper surface of the lateral part forms the jugular tubercle which overlies the hypoglossal canal. The hypoglossal canal is a foramen in the occipital bone of the skull. hyoid. It is even more difficult to draw on that knowledge, relate it to a clinical setting, and apply it to the context of the individual patient. It transmits the medulla, the ascending portions of the spinal accessory nerve (XI), and the vertebral arteries. Structure. Outer surface. The external opening of the carotid canal is located posterolaterally to the foramen lacerum. Mastering the diverse knowledge within a field such as anatomy is a formidable task. From this canal, accessory canals branch off; these are known as the lesser palatine canals.. The meninges are the three layers that surround all the components of the central nervous system.The pia mater is the layer closest to the nervous system; it is closely attached to the structures.This layer also descends into the sulci on the surface of the brain. The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity.. It also supplies sensation to the lower part of the face. that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw) Mandibular foramen. The infraorbital foramina are paired openings that can be located on the malar surface of the maxillary bone and transmits the infraorbital nerve. Foramen spinosum. The mental foramen is located on the anterior surface of the mandible.It is directly below the commisure of the lips, and the tendon of depressor labii inferioris muscle. Within the skull, it divides into It is at the end of the mandibular canal, which begins at the mandibular foramen on the posterior surface of the mandible. Lets discuss the course and functions of the branches of the mandibular nerve. It is even more difficult to draw on that knowledge, relate it to a clinical setting, and apply it to the context of the individual patient. Structure. It is even more difficult to draw on that knowledge, relate it to a clinical setting, and apply it to the context of the individual patient. : . Its outer surface is rough and gives attachment to the occipitalis and posterior auricular muscles.It is perforated by numerous foramina (holes); for example, the mastoid foramen is situated near the posterior border and transmits a vein to the transverse sinus and a small branch of the occipital artery to the dura mater.The position and size of this foramen are Meningeal branch. : 776 the basilar part of occipital bone, forming the posteromedial border. The meningeal branch, also known as the nervus spinosus, is the earliest branch of the mandibular nerve.Even though it originates outside the skull, the nerve re-enters the neurocranium by going back through the foramen spinosum. the supraorbital notch is closed inferiorly by the orbital septum forming a fibrous supraorbital foramen. Jugular foramen It transmits the facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII) cranial nerves into a canal in the petrous temporal bone. Structure. Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward and medialward and gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli. Each incisive canal transmits a nasopalatine nerve, and an anastomosis of the greater palatine artery and a posterior septal Paleolithic humans. that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw) Mandibular foramen. The groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and blood vessels into the orbital cavity. Meningeal branch. Must open the lower jaw of skull to identify this prominent foramen on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus. Opening lateral to the foramen ovale through which the middle meningeal artery passes. i Preface There is a shortage in Ethiopia of teaching / learning material in the area of anatomy and physicalogy for nurses. Gross anatomy. The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid.. Middle part. Clinical significance. In the articulated skull this foramen leads from the pterygopalatine fossa into the posterior part of the superior meatus of the nose, and transmits the The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly, and orbital apex superiorly. Nerves of the orbit. A. vomer. The Carter The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly, and orbital apex superiorly. : 771 The foramen ovale is posterolateral to the foramen rotundum and anteromedial to the foramen spinosum.Posterior and medial to the foramen is the opening for the carotid canal. Structure. : 4 The Locomotor System (Musculoskeletal System). The mental foramen is located on the anterior surface of the mandible.It is directly below the commisure of the lips, and the tendon of depressor labii inferioris muscle. : . The internal acoustic canal (IAC), also known as the internal auditory canal or meatus (IAM), is a bony canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that transmits nerves and vessels from within the posterior cranial fossa to the auditory and vestibular apparatus.. D. sphenoid bone. The internal acoustic canal (IAC), also known as the internal auditory canal or meatus (IAM), is a bony canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that transmits nerves and vessels from within the posterior cranial fossa to the auditory and vestibular apparatus.. The nasolacrimal duct drains the nasolacrimal sac via the nasolacrimal foramen. The foramen ovale is an opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Each greater wing contains the foramen rotundum, which transmits the maxillary nerve (V2); foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular nerve (V3), accessory meningeal artery and often times the lesser petrosal nerve; and foramen spinosum, which transmits the middle meningeal vessels and the recurrent branch of the mandibular nerve. The internal opening is situated laterally to foramen lacerum. The Carter The foramen magnum (Latin: great hole) is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull.It is one of the several oval or circular openings (foramina) in the base of the skull.The spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata, passes through the foramen magnum as it exits the cranial cavity.Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its Must open the lower jaw of skull to identify this prominent foramen on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus. Jugular foramen 3. The foramen ovale is one of two cranial foramina in the greater wing, the other being the foramen spinosum. Arachnoid mater. The foramen ovale is one of two cranial foramina in the greater wing, the other being the foramen spinosum.
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